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the variations may constantly be perceived more readily when the colour is fading. So far reference has been made to some part or other of the band which has become either lighter or darker; occasionally, however, the spots are changed in colour (Case 88 ) as if another hue had been added, while in one or two instances brown (Case 17) has been substituted for the blue in the band.
Four P. C. slips have been chosen, but it will be found that each has advantages not possessed by the other. These advantages are generally dependent upon some obscure cause eonnected with the patient. For ordinary observations, the P. C. yellow strip giving a blue C. C. band is the most useful, since it is more sensitive to change than the yellow C. C. band, while the latter is especially valuable as a control tor the blue C. C. band, owing to its so often being the reciprocal, when there is a local change of tint. There are occasions also when for some incomprehensible reason it is advantageous to work with the yellow C. C. band rather than the blue. Perhaps the most sensitive of all these bands is the green, but unfortunately it does not undergo so many variations as the blue, and the changes are also more fleeting in character. In cases of doubt its delicacy of action sometimes decides a question of fine differences of colour. The choice of a colour for the C. C. band is not very important in the ordinary way, if it be borne in mind that occasionally, owing to individual idiosyncrasies of a patient, better results with one colour than another can be obtained; unfortunately there seems to be no means of deciding which is the best band to employ except by use.
During these experiments the observer will find that his eyes very soon become fatigued, and as no amount of will power can be of any assistance, he will either have to leave off the inspection for a short time, or else change the C. C. band. The former when possible is decidedly preferable, as the other is to a great extent a makeshift to be used when the observation cannot be continued very much longer. Should the latter method be chosen an alternative C. C. band to one previously used will be found the best to employ.
A most pertinent question — one very difficult to answer now arises. "What is it that causes the C. C. band to be altered in colour?" For reasons already stated, it seems more than probable that the eyes of the observer are hypersensitive to certain colours after gazing at one of the P. C. strips, and can differentiate tints so nearly alike as would battle ordinary perception. Theoretically there appear to be four agencies which can alter the shade of the C. C. band. Firstly, the skin, secondly, the thickness of the Aura, thirdly, alteration of texture, and lastly, the colour of the Aura. Each of these propositions must be considered in turn. After having made all possible allowances for any variation of tints which can be appreciated in the ordinary way, it is quite within the bounds of reason to imagine there may exist hues of the skin that can only be distinguished under exceptional circumstances. We have constantly borne this in mind, and have tried to find some instance that would uphold it, but up to the present time without any success, so that personally we believe that although possible, it must be extremely rare, so rare as to be negligible. One fact that militates against the skin being the cause of the change of tint, is that when the C . C. band is discoloured up to the edge of the body, the extension beyond will be similarly affected, being lighter or darker as the case may be. Under no circumstances can the latter change result From the influence of the skin, therefore there is nothing else to which it can he attributed save the Aura, although it seems hardly credible that such transparent, nearly colourless, almost invisible, finely divided matter should have such an effect upon the complementary colours. Secondly: Is the thickness of the Aura sufficient to produce a change in the C. C. band?" Everything points to a negative answer to this proposition; there is no evidence to lead us to such a conclusion. As the Aura is a highly attenuated material (we use the word advisedly) it would have to acquire an enormous thickness before it could produce any perceptible alteration in the complementary colour. One case (No. 30, Fig. 21) illustrates this fact in the strongest way. It is that of a woman, who, when standing sideways to the observer, had the Aura over her abdomen quite four times as wide as over the thorax. Now is she stood facing, no difference could be seen cither directly or when the C. C. band was used, since the colour was exactly the same on the thorax as on the abdomen, proving it. It in common to meet with analogous instances during pregnancy when the woman then has the Aura in front of the abdomen three or four times wider than it is before her thorax. In no case has this extra, bread made any difference to the shade of the C. C. band.
The first two theoretical agencies, that can produce a change in the shade of the C. C. band, have thus been discounted, and there remains the third and the fourth, which seem to offer to some considerable extent a solution of the problem. Thirdly: Ca n change in the texture of the Aura induce a sufficient alteration in the C. C. band to account for change in its tint ? In chapter III it it has been noticed that the Inner Aura may lose its lineated appearance, and become granulated. This state is met with in persons apparently in good health, but much more frequently during ill health, or when there is some local disturbance of which the details will be described in another chapter.
When this part was examined through carmine screens, the Inner Aura was found to be granular, but not so coarsely as on Case 32, and would come under the heading of medium granulations. Moreover, in women, a dark patch has been constantly observed with both the blue and yellow C. C. band upon the lower lumbar and sacral regions. The patch varies in tint, and the variation in some way seems to be dependent upon the amount of local pain the woman suffers during menstrual periods. Here, with the carmine screens, the Inner Aura will always be perceived to be granular, almost always coarse, when the C. C. band has been darkened, and usually medium or fine when the band is lighter. Other instances could be quoted, but we think that these suffice to prove that in some cases the granular condition of the Aura will account for the alteration of the C. C. band.
On examination of a woman twenty-five years of age, who complained of having a pain in her back for over three years, there was seen a wide ray about three inches long proceeding from the outer part of the left buttock, which looked
the variations may constantly be perceived more readily when the colour is fading. So far reference has been made to some part or other of the band which has become either lighter or darker; occasionally, however, the spots are changed in colour (Case 88 ) as if another hue had been added, while in one or two instances brown (Case 17) has been substituted for the blue in the band.
Four P. C. slips have been chosen, but it will be found that each has advantages not possessed by the other. These advantages are generally dependent upon some obscure cause eonnected with the patient. For ordinary observations, the P. C. yellow strip giving a blue C. C. band is the most useful, since it is more sensitive to change than the yellow C. C. band, while the latter is especially valuable as a control tor the blue C. C. band, owing to its so often being the reciprocal, when there is a local change of tint. There are occasions also when for some incomprehensible reason it is advantageous to work with the yellow C. C. band rather than the blue. Perhaps the most sensitive of all these bands is the green, but unfortunately it does not undergo so many variations as the blue, and the changes are also more fleeting in character. In cases of doubt its delicacy of action sometimes decides a question of fine differences of colour. The choice of a colour for the C. C. band is not very important in the ordinary way, if it be borne in mind that occasionally, owing to individual idiosyncrasies of a patient, better results with one colour than another can be obtained; unfortunately there seems to be no means of deciding which is the best band to employ except by use.
During these experiments the observer will find that his eyes very soon become fatigued, and as no amount of will power can be of any assistance, he will either have to leave off the inspection for a short time, or else change the C. C. band. The former when possible is decidedly preferable, as the other is to a great extent a makeshift to be used when the observation cannot be continued very much longer. Should the latter method be chosen an alternative C. C. band to one previously used will be found the best to employ.
A most pertinent question — one very difficult to answer now arises. "What is it that causes the C. C. band to be altered in colour?" For reasons already stated, it seems more than probable that the eyes of the observer are hypersensitive to certain colours after gazing at one of the P. C. strips, and can differentiate tints so nearly alike as would battle ordinary perception. Theoretically there appear to be four agencies which can alter the shade of the C. C. band. Firstly, the skin, secondly, the thickness of the Aura, thirdly, alteration of texture, and lastly, the colour of the Aura. Each of these propositions must be considered in turn. After having made all possible allowances for any variation of tints which can be appreciated in the ordinary way, it is quite within the bounds of reason to imagine there may exist hues of the skin that can only be distinguished under exceptional circumstances. We have constantly borne this in mind, and have tried to find some instance that would uphold it, but up to the present time without any success, so that personally we believe that although possible, it must be extremely rare, so rare as to be negligible. One fact that militates against the skin being the cause of the change of tint, is that when the C . C. band is discoloured up to the edge of the body, the extension beyond will be similarly affected, being lighter or darker as the case may be. Under no circumstances can the latter change result From the influence of the skin, therefore there is nothing else to which it can he attributed save the Aura, although it seems hardly credible that such transparent, nearly colourless, almost invisible, finely divided matter should have such an effect upon the complementary colours. Secondly: Is the thickness of the Aura sufficient to produce a change in the C. C. band?" Everything points to a negative answer to this proposition; there is no evidence to lead us to such a conclusion. As the Aura is a highly attenuated material (we use the word advisedly) it would have to acquire an enormous thickness before it could produce any perceptible alteration in the complementary colour. One case (No. 30, Fig. 21) illustrates this fact in the strongest way. It is that of a woman, who, when standing sideways to the observer, had the Aura over her abdomen quite four times as wide as over the thorax. Now is she stood facing, no difference could be seen cither directly or when the C. C. band was used, since the colour was exactly the same on the thorax as on the abdomen, proving it. It in common to meet with analogous instances during pregnancy when the woman then has the Aura in front of the abdomen three or four times wider than it is before her thorax. In no case has this extra, bread made any difference to the shade of the C. C. band.
The first two theoretical agencies, that can produce a change in the shade of the C. C. band, have thus been discounted, and there remains the third and the fourth, which seem to offer to some considerable extent a solution of the problem. Thirdly: Ca n change in the texture of the Aura induce a sufficient alteration in the C. C. band to account for change in its tint ? In chapter III it it has been noticed that the Inner Aura may lose its lineated appearance, and become granulated. This state is met with in persons apparently in good health, but much more frequently during ill health, or when there is some local disturbance of which the details will be described in another chapter.
When this part was examined through carmine screens, the Inner Aura was found to be granular, but not so coarsely as on Case 32, and would come under the heading of medium granulations. Moreover, in women, a dark patch has been constantly observed with both the blue and yellow C. C. band upon the lower lumbar and sacral regions. The patch varies in tint, and the variation in some way seems to be dependent upon the amount of local pain the woman suffers during menstrual periods. Here, with the carmine screens, the Inner Aura will always be perceived to be granular, almost always coarse, when the C. C. band has been darkened, and usually medium or fine when the band is lighter. Other instances could be quoted, but we think that these suffice to prove that in some cases the granular condition of the Aura will account for the alteration of the C. C. band.
On examination of a woman twenty-five years of age, who complained of having a pain in her back for over three years, there was seen a wide ray about three inches long proceeding from the outer part of the left buttock, which looked
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